/r – The /r parameter locates bad sectors and recovers readable information. /v – The /v parameter displays the name of each file in every directory as the disk is checked. The disk must be locked, so if CHKSDK cannot do it, a message asks if you want to check the drive the next time you restart the computer. /f – The /f parameter instructs CHKDSK to fix errors on the disk. 
To specify multiple files, you can use the “?” and “*” wildcard characters.
With Path and FileName, you can specify the location and name of a file or set of files that you want CHKDSK to check for fragmentation.
– The Path and FileName parameters can be used only on a drive using the FAT or FAT32 organizational models. – The Volume parameter allows you to specify a drive letter (with a colon) or volume name. The “/x” parameter tells CHKDSK to dismount the drive (take it offline from the operating system) before the process begins.ĬHKDSK has an extensive library of optional parameters that you can use to modify the program’s behavior. The “/r” parameter performs the same tasks as “/f,” which fixes errors on the disk and tells CHKDSK to locate any bad sectors and recover any readable information. To get CHKDSK to do a full scan and repair pass, we typed “ chkdsk c: /x /r” in the Powershell console. In a Windows PowerShell program, parameters are additional commands added to the end of the program name, with “/” characters before each parameter. That’s why you need to add several parameters to run CHKDSK in a mode where it will fix problems that it encounters. The basic invocation of CHKDSK, such as “chkdsk c:” will scan the disk and display status information, but it will not fix any encountered errors. Reboot into recovery mode to perform the scan or create a Windows Recovery Tool to handle the process. If you’re having issues running the above command because the drive is noted as “in use” by another process, you’re trying to scan your primary drive (boot drive) when the OS is using it. 
You can also type “chkdsk /scan” to check the disk online and attempt to fix it. Type “chkdsk c: /x /r” without the quotes to dismount the drive, scan it for errors, and repair it.In the User Account Control (UAC) window, select “Yes” to give it permission to launch the Windows Command Processor and make changes.Right-click the “ Start menu” and select “Windows PowerShell (Admin).”.
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